植物无融合生殖研究进展

本文综述了植物无融合生殖研究进展。无融合生殖能固定杂种优势,是新的研究热点。无融合合生殖转育研究取得长足进展。胚胎发生研究手段由切片技术逐渐发展为整体透明、组化荧光技术。大孢子母细胞(MMC)细胞壁无胼胝质(callose)及MMC哑铃状核是二倍性孢子形成区别于有性生殖的特征。DNA分子标记是无融合生殖研究的新的有效工具,狼尾草属、摩擦禾属的无融合生殖分子标记已被找到,并且后者已定位到玉米第6染色体长臂末端。

Advance of Apomixis in Plant

This is a review on apomixis in plant.Plant apomixis that is a new growing tip of biology possesses important significance in fixation of heterosis,shortening breeding period.A good progress is made in reseach of transfer of genes controling apomixis from wild to related cultivated species and use of these genes in plant breeding is possible.The embryology of apomixis has been studied with the paraffin sectioning methods,but now with interference\|contrast micoscopy intact cleared overies or immunohistochemical technique.Megasporogenesis of dislospory characterized by the nuclear assuming a bell\|bar shape and the lack of callose deposition within and about the cell walls of the megaspore mother cell (MMC).Molecular markers of apomixis in Pennisetum and Tripsaum have been found and the latter is located on the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 6.