研究开发燃料油植物生产生物柴油的几个策略

能源短缺和环境污染是目前人类社会所面临的巨大挑战, 而生物柴油的应用和推广正是现阶段解决能源替代问题的较佳手段。现今国外生物柴油产业发展十分迅速, 产量逐年增长, 而我国的生物柴油产业才刚刚起步。本文介绍了极具潜力的5种木本油料植物麻疯树(Jatropha curcas)、光皮树(Cornus wilsoniana)、文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia)、黄连木(Pistacia chinensis)和欧李(Cerasus humilis)和1种野生草本油料植物海篷子(Salicornia bigelivii), 进而提出运用转基因技术提高燃料油植物种子含油量的优势, 归纳总结了生产生物柴油的4种不同工艺。最后建议政府应对燃料油植物种植和生产加工产业实施补贴和免税等扶植政策。本文对我国生物质能源产业的发展提供了有价值的实施策略, 具有重要的借鉴和参考价值。

Some Strategies for Studying the Production of Biodiesel from Oil Plants

The world has been confronted with an energy crisis because of the depletion of resources and increased environmental problems. Nowadays, the development of biodiesel fuel is one of the best ways to solve the problems. In contrast with the rapid development of biodiesel fuel abroad, China has taken only preliminary steps in this development, even though it has almost all the most affluent oil plant resources in the world. This review discusses the international development status of biodiesel fuels in terms of 5 potential oil plants (Jatropha curcas, Cornus wilsoniana,Xanthoceras sorbifolia, Pistacia chinensis and Cerasus humilis) and 1 wild oil plant (Salicornia bigelivii) species mainly introduced according to the situation in China. The advantage of improving the content of oil plants by transgenic technology is discussed, and 4 techniques of biodiesel fuel production are summarized. Governmental policy supports oil plant cultivation and biodiesel production. In conclusion, the review provides some strategies that could have value in the development of bioenergy in China.