Discriminant analysis of volatile organic compounds of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae and Fusarium proliferatum isolates from onions as indicators of fungal growth |
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Authors: | Aimei Wang Minna Haapalainen Satu Latvala Merete Edelenbos Anders Johansen |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Kirstinebjergvej 10, 5792, Aarslev, Denmark;2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00014, Helsinki, Finland;3. Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, 31600, Jokioinen, Finland;4. Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark |
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Abstract: | Basal rot is a common onion disease and is mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae and Fusarium proliferatum. To study the possibility of using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers for these fungi, pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum from onions were cultivated in onion medium and VOCs were measured by solid phase microextraction (SPME). Forty-two compounds were detected, and thirty of these compounds were highly related to fungal metabolic activity. Allyl mercaptan was specific to F. oxysporum isolate Fox006. Analysis of the VOCs showed significant differences between the two species and among different isolates within the same species. Sixteen of the VOCs showed were highly positively correlated with the fungal biomass estimated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Ethanol, ethyl formate, ethyl acetate, 2-methyl-1-propanol, methyl thioacetate, n-propyl acetate and 3-methyl-1-butanol are volatile metabolites that were potential indicators of Fusarium growth on onions. |
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Keywords: | Biomarker Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Pathogen Real-time PCR Solid phase microextraction (SPME) |
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