Biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the razor clam Sinonovacula constricta: Characterization of four fatty acyl elongases and a novel desaturase capacity |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education of China, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China;2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China;3. Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education of China, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China;4. Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain;5. Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK;1. Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK;2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Abuja, P.M.B. 117, Nigeria;1. Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;2. Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK;3. Mariculture Efficient Healthy Breeding Synergy and Innovation Center of Zhejiang, China;4. Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain;1. Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain;2. Institute of Aquaculture, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK;1. School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia;2. Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Blok B No. 10, Persiaran Bukit Jambul, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia;3. Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia;1. Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain;2. Department of Aquatic Bioscience, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan;3. Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain;4. Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain |
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| Abstract: | As an unusual economically important aquaculture species, Sinonovacula constricta possesses high levels of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). Previously, our group identified fatty acyl desaturases (Fad) with Δ5 and Δ6 activities in S. constricta, which was the first report of Δ6 Fad in a marine mollusc. Here, we further successfully characterize elongases of very long-chain fatty acids (Elovl) in this important bivalve species, including one Elovl2/5, two Elovl4 isoforms (a and b) and a novel Elovl (c) with Elovl4 activity. In addition, we also determined the desaturation activity of S. constricta Δ6 Fad toward 24:5n-3 to give 24:6n-3, a key intermediate in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) biosynthesis. Therefore, S. constricta is the first marine mollusc reported to possess all Fad and Elovl activities required for LC-PUFA biosynthesis via the ‘Sprecher pathway’. This finding greatly increases our understanding of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in marine molluscs. Phylogenetic analysis by interrogating six marine molluscan genomes, and previously functionally characterized Elovl and Fad from marine molluscs, suggested that DHA biosynthetic ability was limited to a few species, due to the general lack of Δ4 or Δ6 Fad in most molluscs. |
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