Growth of foliose lichens: a review |
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Authors: | Richard A Armstrong Tom Bradwell |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Vision Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK;(2) British Geological Survey, Edinburgh, UK |
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Abstract: | This review considers various aspects of the growth of foliose lichens including early growth and development, variation in
radial growth rate (RaGR) of different species, growth to maturity, lobe growth variation, senescence and fragmentation, growth
models, the influence of environmental variables, and the maintenance of thallus symmetry. The data suggest that a foliose
lichen thallus is essentially a ‘colony’ in which the individual lobes exhibit a considerable degree of autonomy in their
growth processes. During development, recognisable juvenile thalli are usually formed by 15 months to 4 years while most mature
thalli exhibit RaGR between 1 and 5 mm yr−1. RaGR within a species is highly variable. The growth rate-size curve of a foliose lichen thallus may result from growth
processes that take place at the tips of individual lobes together with size-related changes in the intensity of competition
for space between the marginal lobes. Radial growth and growth in mass is influenced by climatic and microclimatic factors
and also by substratum factors such as rock and bark texture, chemistry, and nutrient enrichment. Possible future research
topics include: (1) measuring fast growing foliose species through life, (2) the three dimensional changes that occur during
lobe growth, (3) the cellular changes that occur during regeneration, growth, and division of lobes, and (4) the distribution
and allocation of the major lichen carbohydrates within lobes. |
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