Isolation and characterization of mammalian D-aspartyl endopeptidase |
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Authors: | T. Kinouchi H. Nishio Y. Nishiuchi M. Tsunemi K. Takada T. Hamamoto Y. Kagawa N. Fujii |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Radiation Life Science and Radiation Medical Science, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Osaka, Japan;(2) Peptide Institute, Inc., Osaka, Japan;(3) Department of Biochemistry, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan;(4) Department of Medical Chemistry, Women’s University of Nutrition, Saitama, Japan |
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Abstract: | The accumulation of D-isomers of aspartic acid (D-Asp) in proteins during aging has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), cataracts and arteriosclerosis. Here, we identified a specific lactacystin-sensitive endopeptidase that cleaves the D-Asp-containing protein and named it D-aspartyl endopeptidase (DAEP). DAEP has a multi-complex structure (MW: 600 kDa) and is localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane. However, DAEP activity was not detected in E. coli, S. cerevisiae, and C. elegans. A specific inhibitor for DAEP, i-DAEP: (benzoyl-L-Arg-L-His-[D-Asp]-CH(2)Cl; MW: 563.01), was newly synthesized and inhibited DAEP activity (IC(50), 3 microM), a factor of ten greater than lactacystin on DAEP. On the other hand, i-DAEP did not inhibit either the 20S or 26S proteasome. And we identified succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase 1 as components of DAEP by affinity label using biotinylated i-DAEP. In the long life span of mammals, DAEP may serve as a scavenger against accumulation of racemized proteins in aging. Insights into DAEP will provide the foundation for developing treatments of diseases, such as AD, in which accumulation of D-Asp-containing proteins are implicated. |
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Keywords: | : font-variant:small-caps" >D-Aspartate – Protease – Mitochondria – Alzheimer’ s disease – Amyloid |
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