Long distance nitrogen air pollution effects on lichens in Europe |
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| Institution: | 1. Lichenologisch Onderzoekbureau Nederland, Goudvink 47, NL-3766 WK Soest, The Netherlands;2. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, P.O. Box 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;1. Division of Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500607, India;2. Centre for NMR & Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500607, India;3. Central Department of Chemistry, IOST, Tribhuvan University, Nepal;4. Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Lalitpur, Nepal;1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University Novi Sad, Trg Dositaje Obradovica 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;2. Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University Novi Sad, Trg Dositaje Obradovica 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;1. Department of Sustainable Agro-ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), Via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;2. Terra Data environmetrics, Spin Off of the University of Siena, Via Bardelloni 19, 58025 Monterotondo Marittimo, Italy;3. Polo Botanico Hanbury, DISTAV, University of Genova, Corso Dogali 1M, 16136 Genova, Italy;4. Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34100 Trieste, Italy;5. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;6. Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;7. Environmental Science Centre, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, via Nazionale 8/A, 66030 S. Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy;8. Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy;9. Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai Street 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia;10. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Madrid, Spain;11. Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pl. Ramon y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;12. Natural History Museum, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom;1. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, 12 de octubre y Diego de Tapia, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador;2. Departamento de Biología, Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Madrid ES- 28933, Spain;3. Ingeniería Fitosanitaria Ecuatoriana Cía. Ltda, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador;4. Universidad Estatal Amazónica, El Pangui, 190401, Ecuador;5. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto S/N, Loja 110101, Ecuador |
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| Abstract: | The epiphytic lichen flora of 25 European ICP-IM monitoring sites, all situated in areas remote from air pollution sources, was statistically related to measured levels of SO2in air, NH4+, NO3− and SO42− in precipitation, annual bulk precipitation, and annual average temperature. Significant regression models were calculated for eleven acidophytic species. Several species show a strong negative correlation with nitrogen compounds. At concentrations as low as 0·3 mg N l−1in precipitation, a decrease of the probability of occurrence is observed for Bryoria capillaris, B. fuscescens, Cetraria pinastri, Imshaugia aleurites and Usnea hirta. The observed pattern of correlations strongly suggests a key role of NH4+ in determining the species occurrence, but an additional role of NO3− cannot be ruled out. Some species show a distinct response to current levels of SO2as well. It may be concluded that long distance nitrogen air pollution has strong influence on the occurrence of acidophytic lichen species. |
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