Role of aphid predator guild in controlling spirea aphid populations on apple in West Virginia,USA |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China;1. INRA, ISVV, UMR1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, F-33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France;2. Lund University, Centre of Environmental and Climate Research and Department of Biology, Ecology Building, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden;3. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;1. Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. Department of Biology, Gilmer Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA;1. Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Italy;2. Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystem, HAO DEMETER, Athens, Greece;3. Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l''analisi dell''economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l''Agrobiologia e la Pedologia (CREA-ABP), Firenze, Italy;1. Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan;2. Akita Fruit-Tree Experiment Station, Yokote, Akita 013-0102, Japan;3. NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan;4. NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-2494, Japan;1. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom;2. Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Spirea aphid populations and their predators were studied on apple to identify predators of importance in controlling aphid populations. Methods included random and non-random sampling from apple orchards in West Virginia, USA, sentinel aphid colonies, laboratory feeding studies, and predator exclusion studies. Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), chrysopids (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) were the most abundant predators associated with spirea aphid colonies on apple. Parasitoids were all but absent in the study. Abundance of all predators was density dependent with greater responses to aphid populations at the orchard scale than to tree or individual colony scales. A. aphidimyza, O. insidiosus, chrysopids, and syrphids (Diptera) had the greatest degree of density dependence on aphid populations, and spiders showed inverse density dependence. Exclusion of predators with both cages and insecticides produced significantly higher aphid populations. Because of high abundance, good synchrony with aphid populations, and high impact per individual, H. axyridis adults were the most important spirea aphid predator on apple. |
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