Global diversity and distribution of macrofungi |
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Authors: | Gregory M. Mueller John P. Schmit Patrick R. Leacock Bart Buyck Joaquín Cifuentes Dennis E. Desjardin Roy E. Halling Kurt Hjortstam Teresa Iturriaga Karl-Henrik Larsson D. Jean Lodge Tom W. May David Minter Mario Rajchenberg Scott A. Redhead Leif Ryvarden James M. Trappe Roy Watling Qiuxin Wu |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA 19. Center for Urban Ecology, 4598 Macarthur Blvd, NW Washington, DC, 20007, USA 2. Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, 265 Morrill Hall, 505 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA 3. Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, 12 rue Buffon, Museum National D’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 75005, France 4. Sección de Micología, Herbario FCME, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Universidad 3000 Circuito Exterior S/N, C.P. 04510 Ciudad Univ, Mexico, Mexico, DF 5. Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA 6. Institute of Systematic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA 7. Malaregatan 12, SE-441 35, Alings?s, Sweden 8. Departomento de Biologia de Organismos, Univ. Simon Bolivar, Sartenejas, Baruta, Edo. Miranda, Venezuela 9. University of G?teborg, Box 461, 405 30, G?teborg, Sweden 10. International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA-Forest Service, FPL, PO Box 1377, Luquillo, PR, 00773, USA 11. Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, South Yarra, Victoria, 3141, Australia 12. CABI Bioscience UK, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TY, UK 13. Centro Forestal CIEFAP, CC 14 Esquel, Chubut, 9200, Argentina 14. ECORC, Agriculture & Agriculture-Food Canada, CEF, Neatby Bldg, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6 15. Botany Division, Biology Institute, University of Oslo, Oslo 3, Norway 16. Department of Forest Science, Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA 17. Caledonian Mycological Enterprises, 26 Blinkbonny Ave. Edinburgh, Scotland, EH3 5LR, UK 18. Aemtek, Inc, 46309 Warm Springs Blvd,, Suite A Fremont, CA, 94539, USA
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Abstract: | Data on macrofungal diversity and distribution patterns were compiled for major geographical regions of the world. Macrofungi are defined here to include ascomycetes and basidiomycetes with large, easily observed spore-bearing structures that form above or below ground. Each coauthor either provided data on a particular taxonomic group of macrofungi or information on the macrofungi of a specific geographic area. We then employed a meta-analysis to investigate species overlaps between areas, levels of endemism, centers of diversity, and estimated percent of species known for each taxonomic group for each geographic area and for the combined macrofungal data set. Thus, the study provides both a meta-analysis of current data and a gap assessment to help identify research needs. In all, 21,679 names of macrofungi were compiled. The percentage of unique names for each region ranged from 37% for temperate Asia to 72% for Australasia. Approximately 35,000 macrofungal species were estimated to be “unknown” by the contributing authors. This would give an estimated total of 56,679 macrofungi. Our compiled species list does not include data from most of S.E. Europe, Africa, western Asia, or tropical eastern Asia. Even so, combining our list of names with the estimates from contributing authors is in line with our calculated estimate of between 53,000 and 110,000 macrofungal species derived using plant/macrofungal species ratio data. The estimates developed in this study are consistent with a hypothesis of high overall fungal species diversity. |
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Keywords: | Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes Biodiversity Biogeography Endemism Species lists |
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