The effect of divalent cations on the conformation and function of human plasminogen

The activation of native human plasminogen (Glu1-Pg) by tissue plasminogen activator, urinary plasminogen activator (u-PA), and streptokinase is inhibited by the divalent cations Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+. This inhibition is accompanied by a conformational change in the molecule as evidenced by a decrease in Stokes' radius and intrinsic fluorescence. Kinetic analysis indicates that Mn2+ acts as an uncompetitive inhibitor of u-PA-catalyzed Glu1-Pg activation. In contrast to the inhibitory effects of divalent cations on Glu1-Pg, Ca2+ and Mg2+ stimulate the activation of proteolytically modified Lys77-Pg. These observations provide further evidence that Glu1-Pg and Lys77-Pg exhibit differential responses to ligands in the microenvironment.