癫痫与认知功能

癫痫是神经系统最常见的疾病之一，以反复的自发发作为特征，还伴随着对认知，心理以及社交的影响。相比一般人群，癫痫患者更容易罹患认知和行为的障碍，认知障碍在新诊断的部分或者全面性癫痫发作的成人癫痫患者中均有报道。癫痫发作类型、病因、神经病理、发作类型、发作年龄、社会心理问题等一系列因素都和认知功能障碍相关，而且目前癫痫主要的治疗方法（如抗癫痫药物治疗和外科手术）也和认知及行为障碍相关。对于这些与治疗相关的副作用，临床治疗应该警惕并且尽量避免或者缩小负面的影响。本文从生物学因素、心理社会学因素及治疗相关的因素三个方面综述了癫痫与认知障碍之间的关系，为临床治疗和预防癫痫提供指导。

Epilepsy and Cognition

Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders, is characterized by recurrent, usually unprovoked, epileptic seizures, and followed with the cognitive, psychosocial, and social consequences. Cognitive and behavioral deficits are more common in patients with epilepsy than in the general population. Cognitive deficits have been reported in newly diagnosed adult patients with partial or generalized seizures prior to treatment with Antiepileptie drugs （AEDs）. A variety of factors contribute to cognitive deficits, i.e.,underlying neuropathology, seizure type, age of onset, psychosocial problems, and treatment side effects. Besides, the major therapeutic modalities （i.e., AEDs and epilepsy surgery） are associated with cognitive and behavioral risks. Treating physicians should be aware of these risks and the contributing factors to avoid or minimize negative consequences. This review article discusses a wide range of variables which may underlie cognitive impairment in epilepsy including biologic, psychosocial, and treatment-induced factors, and provides guid- ance in treating and prevention epilepsy.