Oxa1/Alb3/YidC system for insertion of membrane proteins in mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacteria (review)

Recent studies have shown that there is a pathway that is evolutionarily conserved for the insertion of proteins into the membrane in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria. In this pathway, the Oxa1/Alb3/YidC proteins are believed to function as membrane insertases that play an important role in the membrane protein biogenesis of respiratory and energy transduction proteins. Additional roles of the Oxa1/Alb3/YidC members may be in the lateral integration of proteins into the lipid bilayer, and in the folding and assembly of proteins into membrane protein complexes.