Environmental Control of Vanadium Haloperoxidases and Halocarbon Emissions in Macroalgae |
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| Authors: | Thillai Punitha Siew-Moi Phang Joon Ching Juan John Beardall |
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| Institution: | 1.Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences,University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia;2.Institute of Graduate Studies,University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia;3.Institute of Biological Sciences,University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia;4.Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT),University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia;5.School of Science,Monash University Malaysia Campus,Subang Jaya,Malaysia;6.School of Biological Sciences,Monash University,Clayton,Australia |
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| Abstract: | Vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases (V-HPO), able to catalyze the reaction of halide ions (Cl?, Br?, I-) with hydrogen peroxide, have a great influence on the production of halocarbons, which in turn are involved in atmospheric ozone destruction and global warming. The production of these haloperoxidases in macroalgae is influenced by changes in the surrounding environment. The first reported vanadium bromoperoxidase was discovered 40 years ago in the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum. Since that discovery, more studies have been conducted on the structure and mechanism of the enzyme, mainly focused on three types of V-HPO, the chloro- and bromoperoxidases and, more recently, the iodoperoxidase. Since aspects of environmental regulation of haloperoxidases are less well known, the present paper will focus on reviewing the factors which influence the production of these enzymes in macroalgae, particularly their interactions with reactive oxygen species (ROS). |
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