Engineered whole-cell biocatalyst-based detoxification and detection of neurotoxic organophosphate compounds |
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Authors: | Chang Sup Kim Jeong Hyun Seo Dong Gyun Kang Hyung Joon Cha |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea;2. School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea |
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Abstract: | The development of efficient tools is required for the eco-friendly detoxification and effective detection of neurotoxic organophosphates (OPs). Although enzymes have received significant attention as biocatalysts because of their high specific activity, the uneconomic and labor-intensive processes of enzyme production and purification make their broad use in practical applications difficult. Because whole-cell systems offer several advantages compared with free enzymes, including high stability, a reduced purification requirement, and low preparation cost, they have been suggested as promising biocatalysts for the detoxification and detection of OPs. To develop efficient whole-cell biocatalysts with enhanced activity and a broad spectrum of substrate specificity, several factors have been considered, namely the selected strains, the chosen OP-hydrolyzing enzymes, where enzymes are localized in a cell, and which enhancer will assist the expression, function, and folding of the enzyme. In this article, we review the current investigative progress in the development of engineered whole-cell biocatalysts with excellent OP-hydrolyzing activity, a broad spectrum of substrate specificity, and outstanding stability for the detoxification and detection of OPs. |
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Keywords: | AChE, acetylcholinesterase CB, carbon black CBD, cellulose-binding domain CNT, carbon nanotube CP, coumaphos CPF, chlorpyrifos 4-CP, 4-chlorophenol DZN, diazinon EDSs, edge-plane-like defective sites EP, ethyl parathion EPN, ethyl p-nitrophenol thio benzene phosphonate FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate FNT, fenitrothion GC, glass carbon GFP, green fluorescent protein GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid Ina, ice nucleation INP, ice nucleation protein Lpp, lipoprotein MAP, mussel adhesive protein MC, mesoporous carbon MP, methyl parathion MPH, methyl parathion hydrolase MWCNT, multi-wall carbon nanotube OmpA, outer membrane protein A OPAA, organophosphorus acid anhydrase OPDA, organophosphorus-degrading enzyme OPH, organophosphorus hydrolase OPs, organophosphates PA, parathion PNP, p-nitrophenol PO, paraoxon POLE, polyoxyethylene 10 lauryl ether PVA, poly (vinyl alcohol) SPCE, screen-printed carbon electrode SRP, signal recognition particle SWCNT, single-wall carbon nanotube Tat, twin-arginine translocation TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide VHb, Vitreoscilla hemoglobin |
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