Toxicity of inorganic nanomaterials in biomedical imaging |
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Authors: | Jinxia Li Xueling Chang Xiaoxia Chen Zhanjun Gu Feng Zhao Zhifang Chai Yuliang Zhao |
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Institution: | 1. CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;2. School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;3. Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China |
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Abstract: | Inorganic nanoparticles have shown promising potentials as novel biomedical imaging agents with high sensitivity, high spatial and temporal resolution. To translate the laboratory innovations into clinical applications, their potential toxicities are highly concerned and have to be evaluated comprehensively both in vitro and in vivo before their clinical applications. In this review, we first summarized the in vivo and in vitro toxicities of the representative inorganic nanoparticles used in biomedical imagings. Then we further discuss the origin of nanotoxicity of inorganic nanomaterials, including ROS generation and oxidative stress, chemical instability, chemical composition, the surface modification, dissolution of nanoparticles to release excess free ions of metals, metal redox state, and left-over chemicals from synthesis, etc. We intend to provide the readers a better understanding of the toxicology aspects of inorganic nanomaterials and knowledge for achieving optimized designs of safer inorganic nanomaterials for clinical applications. |
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Keywords: | Medical imaging Inorganic materials Nanomedicine Nanotoxicity Iron nanoparticles QDs Gold nanoparticles Upconversion nanoparticles |
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