Toxicants inhibiting anaerobic digestion: A review |
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Authors: | Jian Lin Chen Raphael Ortiz Terry W.J. Steele David C. Stuckey |
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Affiliation: | 1. Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141;2. School of Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK |
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Abstract: | Anaerobic digestion is increasingly being used to treat wastes from many sources because of its manifold advantages over aerobic treatment, e.g. low sludge production and low energy requirements. However, anaerobic digestion is sensitive to toxicants, and a wide range of compounds can inhibit the process and cause upset or failure. Substantial research has been carried out over the years to identify specific inhibitors/toxicants, and their mechanism of toxicity in anaerobic digestion. In this review we present a detailed and critical summary of research on the inhibition of anaerobic processes by specific organic toxicants (e.g., chlorophenols, halogenated aliphatics and long chain fatty acids), inorganic toxicants (e.g., ammonia, sulfide and heavy metals) and in particular, nanomaterials, focusing on the mechanism of their inhibition/toxicity. A better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms behind inhibition/toxicity will enhance the wider application of anaerobic digestion. |
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Keywords: | ADM1, Anaerobic Digestion Model No 1 AGS, anaerobic granular sludge CF, chloroform CP, monochlorophenol DCP, dichlorophenol DCM, dichloromethane DGGE, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis DWCNTs, double walled carbon NTs EGB, expanded granular sludge bed EPS, extracellular polymeric substances FA, free ammonia FAN, free ammonia nitrogen IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration LCFA, long chain fatty acid MPB, methane producing bacteria NP, nanoparticle NT, nanotube NZVI, nano zero valent iron PCE, perchlorethylene PCP, pentachlorophenol PEG, polyethylene glycol chain QSAR, quantitative structure&ndash activity relationship ROS, reactive oxygen species SRB, sulfate reducing bacteria SWNT, single-walled NT TAN, total ammonia nitrogen TCE, trichloroethylene TCP, trichlorophenol TeCP, tetrachlorophenol TRFLP, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism UASB, upflow anaerobic sludge bed WWTP, wastewater treatment plant |
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