Mating disruption to control damage by leafrollers in virginia apple orchards |
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Authors: | D. G. Pfeiffer W. Kaakeh J. C. Killian M. W. Lachance P. Kirsch |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, 24061 Blacksburg, VA, USA;(2) Department of Entomology, Coastal Plain Exp. Stn., Univ. Georgia, 31794 Tifton, GA, USA;(3) Dept. of Biological Sciences, Mary Washington College, 22401 Fredericksburg, VA, USA;(4) Virginia Coop. Ext. Serv., P. O. B. 849, 22560 Tappahannock, VA, USA;(5) Pacific Biocontrol Corp., 719 Second St., Suite 12, 95616 Davis, CA, USA |
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Abstract: | Mating disruption for control of variegated leafroller (VLR),Platynota flavedana (Clemens), tufted apple bud moth (TBM),P. ideausalis Walker, and redbanded leafroller (RBL),Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker), was studied in Virginia apple orchards in 1989 and 1990. In 1989, each dispenser (1000/ha) contained 190 mg of 67.2%E11–14:Ac, 28.8%Z11–14:Ac, 1.4%E11–14:OH, 0.6%Z11–14:OH, and 2%Z9–12:Ac (a putative generic leafroller disruption blend). Trap captures of VLR, TBM and RBL were reduced by 97%, 51% and 55%, respectively. Average leafroller injury in the interior and edge of the pheromone block was 3.8% and 2.7%, respectively. The conventional control and abandoned blocks had 0.05 and 27.5% injury, respectively. Dispensers containingE11–14:OH (70%) andZ11–14:OH (30%) (close to the natural blend of VLR), more effectively disrupted orientation to pheromone traps by bothPlatynota spp. than did the generic blend. In 1990, dispensers containing 150 mg ofE11–14:OH (70%) andZ11–14:OH (1000/ha) were placed in two 2-ha blocks and one 4-ha block. One pheromonetreated block was sprayed in August with phosmet for codling moth, not timed for leafrollers. Trap captures of VLR and TBM were reduced by almost 100% and 69%, respectively. RBL captures were not reduced by VLR pheromone permeation. Injury fromPlatynota spp. in pheromone block middles and edges ranged from 0.3–1.7% and 0.3–2.3%, respectively. Injury in conventional blocks ranged from 0–1.1%. RBL injury in pheromone block middles ranged from 0–6.1%, and in edges, 1.7–4.8%. Injury in control blocks ranged from 0–1.1%. Combined leafroller injury in an abandoned block was 18% (s.e. 0.3). Release rates averaged 30 and 32 mg/ha/h for the VLR and generic pheromone dispensers, respectively. |
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Keywords: | Platynota flavedana variegated leafroller Platynota ideausalis tufted apple bud moth Argyrotaenia velutinana redbanded leafroller mating disruption pheromones apple Lepidoptera Tortricidae |
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