鹅膏菌抑真菌活性及其活性物质的提取工艺优化(英文)

通过鹅膏菌抑菌活性物质对杨树烂皮病病原菌金黄壳囊孢菌的菌丝生长及其孢子抑制效果的研究,分析鹅膏菌的抗真菌活性。将培养15 d的鹅膏菌液体发酵物分成培养液和菌丝体两部分,然后分别将培养液、菌丝体提取物和发酵液本身对金黄壳囊孢菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发抑制效果进行检测。结果表明:培养液对金黄壳囊孢菌菌丝生长的抑制率最高,为68.90%;三者对孢子萌发都有明显的抑制效果,即在处理后10 d孢子都没有萌发。菌丝体在超声波、加热和浸泡的条件下,利用乙醇,丙酮、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇进行提取,其提取物用于病原菌的抑制效果检测,结果表明:用乙醇和丙酮提取时,超声波、浸泡及加热处理,对金黄壳囊孢菌的抑制效果都与对照有显著差异(a=0.01),而正丁醇的提取物的抑制效果较差,与对照没有显著差异。通过不同提取物对金黄壳囊孢菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制效果进行分析,并对抑菌活性物质提取工艺进行筛选,得到抑菌活性物质提取的最佳方法为摇床培养,乙醇是最适提取溶剂,处理方式(超声波、浸泡或者加热)相互间差异不显著。

Anti-Fungal Effect of Amanita sp. and Optimized Extraction Technology of Its Active Substances

The anti-fungal effects of Amanita sp. on Cytospora chrysosperma were analyzed by detecting the growth rates of mycelia and spore germinated on medium with active substances. The cultured fluid and mycelium of cultured suspension of Amanita sp. were separated after being cultured 15 d. The in- hibiting effect of cultured fluid, mycelium extractions and cuhured suspension were tested severally on Cytospora chrysosperma. The results showed that the growth-inhibiting rate of the cultured suspension on Cytospora chrysosperma was 68.90% and was the best among the 3 samples. Not only the cultured sus- pension, the cultured fluid and mycelium had evident inhibiting effects on the pathogenic spores in which spores had not germinated in 10 days. The mycelia were extracted by alcohol, acetone, n-butyl alcohol and ethyl acetate, and the inhibiting effect on Cytospora chrysosperma was as follows ： all of mycelium ex- tractions by alcohol and acetone had evident inhibiting effects on mycelium growth and spore germination, which had significant differences （a = 0.01） with the control, but the mycelium extraction of n-butyl al- cohol had the lowest growth-inhibiting effect on Cytospora chrysosperma and had no significant difference （ a = 0.01 ） with the control. The extraction technology of active substances optimized by the inhibiting effect on Cytospora chrysosperma was as follows： shake culture was the best culture way; alcohol was the optimal extracting solvents; ultrasonic, dip and heat all can be used for extracting inhibiting active sub- stances and they had no significant difference among one another.