The genetic diversity of UK,US and Australian cultivars of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> measured by DArT markers and considered by genome |
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Authors: | J White J R Law I MacKay K J Chalmers J S C Smith A Kilian W Powell |
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Institution: | (1) National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 OLE, UK;(2) Molecular Plant Breeding CRC, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1 Glen, Osmond, Australia;(3) Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc., Johnston, IA 501310184, USA;(4) DArT P/L, PO Box 7141, Yarralumla, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia |
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Abstract: | The genetic diversity of UK, US and Australian wheat varieties over the period of modern plant breeding is estimated using
diversity array technology markers. Diversity is assessed by both genetic distance between varieties, by AMOVA and as the
volumes of multi-dimensional convex hulls estimated from principal co-ordinate analysis. At the whole genome level the three
populations are genetically distinct; this is also true of the B genome. However, the US and Australian D genomes are found
to occupy the same region of diversity space and the A genomes for these countries are partially overlapping. The use of high-density
genotyping with a common marker set allows an unprecedented direct comparison between the diversities of the national populations,
between individual genomes and the fluctuation of diversity over time. The highest genetic diversity amongst varieties is
reported in the Australian population followed by the US, which in turn is more diverse than the UK. However the average diversity
of loci is higher in the US set than in the Australian. Non-random fluctuations in genetic diversity over time are observed. |
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