In vitro fertilization as a tool for investigating sexual reproduction of angiosperms |
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Authors: | Ya Ying Wang Anxiu Kuang Scott D Russell Hui Qiao Tian |
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Institution: | (1) School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China;(2) Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA |
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Abstract: | In vitro fertilization (IVF) of isolated male and female gametes of flowering plants was first accomplished in the last decade. Successful isolation of male and female gametes, and culturing of in vitro zygotes to form new plants, is a prelude to the use of IVF for research into the cellular and molecular control of fertilization in higher plants and its application as a tool in biotechnology. Genes unique to male and female gametes and zygotes of higher plants, although currently incompletely characterized, are expected to permit direct molecular dissection of fertilization. By applying IVF and microculture to zygotes and endosperm obtained by both in vivo and in vitro methods, newly activated fusion products may be observed and manipulated in media where they are directly accessible to the techniques of molecular cell biology. IVF and zygote culture may also offer potential for creating new hybrid plants by fusing isolated gametes from different species to produce unique zygotes and ultimately plants that would be impossible to obtain using typical crossing techniques. Transformation and regeneration frequencies using IVF may also be high enough to avoid the necessity of adding controversial antibiotic and herbicide resistant genes to screen transformed products. This review describes advances using IVF in plant sexual reproduction and discusses its potential in the genetic improvement of flowering plants. |
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Keywords: | Angiosperm Gamete isolation In vitro fertilization Zygote culture |
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