Occurrence of aromatic cytokinins in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

The natural occurrence of 6-benzylaminopurine, 6-(2-hydroxybenzylamino)purine (ortho-topolin), 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino)purine (meta-topolin), their ribosides and 9-glucosides is reported using specific antibodies to these groups of compounds in high performance liquid chromatography/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (HPLC/ELISA). Compounds were identified by their retention times and differential cross-reactivities with six antisera in analyses carried out in two laboratories using different HPLC gradient systems. Identities were confirmed by immunoaffinity purification followed by HPLC with on-line UV spectrum analysis. Further confirmation of the occurrence of ortho-topolin riboside and isopentenyladenine-9-glucoside was obtained from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of permethylated HPLC fractions of an extract of oil palm tissues. The aromatic cytokinins, and in particular, ortho-topolin riboside, were found in a variety of oil palm tissues at concentrations exceeding those of the isoprenoid cytokinins, zeatin, isopentenyladenine, dihydrozeatin, and their ribosides. The 9-glucosides of isopentenyladenine and zeatin were more abundant than those of the aromatic types. The cross-reactivity of benzyladenine compounds with antibodies to isopentenyladosine is discussed in relation to the interpretation of ELISA data.Abbreviations BA N ⁶-benzyladenine - HPLC high performance liquid chromatography - ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - GC-MS gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry - mT meta-topolin - oT ortho-topolin - TEAA triethylammonium acetate - IAC immunoaffinity chromatography - SPD spectral photodiode