蘑菇属九个种担孢子的电镜观察

蘑菇属 (Agaricus L.)的分类中 ,担孢子形态和大小是区分种的一个重要指标。虽然现在世界许多研究所都在运用分子生物学技术和相互亲和性来重新评价该属的分类 ,但担孢子的大小仍然是种划分的重要指标。介绍了一种新的供扫描电镜观察担孢子的简易的样品制作技术 ,并对野蘑菇 (A.arvensis) ,大紫蘑菇 (A.augustus) ,双孢蘑菇 (A.bisporus) ,A.essettei,短柄蘑菇 (A.maleolens) ,白杵蘑菇 (A.nivescens) ,双环林地蘑菇(A.placomyces) ,亚绒毛蘑菇 (A.subf loccosus)和白林蘑菇 (A.sylvicola)共 9个种的担孢子进行观察测量 ,发现 :(1 )用扫描电镜测量的结果与用光镜测量的结果具有较一致的线性相关关系 (R2 =0 .985 7) ;(2 )在种间或者种内菌株间的孢子形态和大小存在着较大的差异 ,可以作为分类的一个重要指标 ;(3 )在精确的孢子测量方面扫描电镜是一种快速、方便的方法。

Observation of spores of 9 species in Agaricus under scanning electron microscope

Of the morphological characteristics used in the taxonomic classification of the genus Agaricus, spore dimensions are used as an objective measurement in differentiating species. Work at HRI and elsewhere is now re-examining the taxonomy of the genus, using molecular techniques and inter-fertility tests. However, spore measurements remain an important criterion in the identification of isolates. A simple preparation technique for spore measurements using scanning electron microscope (SEM) is described. Spore measurements of either wild collections or compost cultivated sporophores of the following Agaricus species were made: A. arvensis, A. augustus, A. bisporus, A. essettei, A. maleolens, A. nivescens, A. placomyces, A. subfloccosus and A. sylvicola. Measurements using a SEM were closely and linearly correlated (r 2 0 97) with measurements using light microscope. There were significant differences in spore size and shape, both between species and within a species. The SEM offers a rapid and easy alternative to light microscopy for accurate spore measurement.