Effects of intranasal guanosine administration on brain function in a rat model of ischemic stroke |
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Authors: | Müller Gabriel C Loureiro Samanta O Pettenuzzo Letícia F Almeida Roberto F Ynumaru Evandro Y Guazzelli Pedro A Meyer Fabíola S Pasquetti Mayara V Ganzella Marcelo Calcagnotto Maria Elisa Souza Diogo O |
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Institution: | 1.Graduate Program in Biological Science: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ;2.Biological Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil ;3.Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Pla sticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil ;4.Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, G?ttingen, Germany ;5.Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, UFRGS, R. Ramiro Barcelos 2600, Anexo 21111, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil ; |
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Abstract: | Ischemic stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and only few affected patients are able to receive treatment, especially in developing countries. Detailed pathophysiology of brain ischemia has been extensively studied in order to discover new treatments with a broad therapeutic window and that are accessible to patients worldwide. The nucleoside guanosine (Guo) has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in animal models of brain diseases, including ischemic stroke. In a rat model of focal permanent ischemia, systemic administration of Guo was effective only when administered immediately after stroke induction. In contrast, intranasal administration of Guo (In-Guo) was effective even when the first administration was 3 h after stroke induction. In order to validate the neuroprotective effect in this larger time window and to investigate In-Guo neuroprotection under global brain dysfunction induced by ischemia, we used the model of thermocoagulation of pial vessels in Wistar rats. In our study, we have found that In-Guo administered 3 h after stroke was capable of preventing ischemia-induced dysfunction, such as bilateral suppression and synchronicity of brain oscillations and ipsilateral cell death signaling, and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier. In addition, In-Guo had a long-lasting effect on preventing ischemia-induced motor impairment. Our data reinforce In-Guo administration as a potential new treatment for brain ischemia with a more suitable therapeutic window. |
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Keywords: | Stroke Guanosine Intranasal administration Neuroprotection Quantitative electroencephalogram Blood-brain barrier Cell signaling |
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