Mycorrhiza formation is not needed for early growth induction and growth-related changes in polyamines in Scots pine seedlings in vitro |
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| Authors: | Tytti Sarjala Karoliina Niemi Hely Häggman |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Parkano, FI 39700 Parkano, Finland;2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 27, FI 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland;3. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa, FI 01301 Vantaa, Finland;4. Department of Biology, P.O. Box 3000, FI 90014 University of Oulu, Finland;1. Seed Science Center, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China;2. Yuxi China Tobacco Seed Limited Liability Company, Yuxi 653100, PR China;1. School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, P.M.B. 1044, Zaria, Nigeria;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria;1. Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Mycology, Croix du Sud 2, bte L7.05.06, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;2. Universiteit Hasselt, Center for Environmental Sciences, Environmental Biology Group, Agoralaan, Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;3. Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Statistique, Biostatistique et Sciences Actuarielles, Plateforme technologique de Support en Méthodologie et Calcul statistique, Voie du Roman Pays 20, bte L1.04.01, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;1. Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR5174), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, ENFA, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France;2. Univ de Lille, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483, F-59000 Lille, France;3. 74 Avenue Pierre de Montesquiou, F-32000 Auch, France;1. CEBAS-CSIC, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain;2. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA |
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| Abstract: | Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi have been shown to improve growth of the host plant before the formation of physical ECM structures, i.e. during the so-called pre-mycorrhizal phase. In the present study, changes in growth and the concentrations of individual polyamines (PAs) were followed during the mycorrhiza formation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings in the presence of two ECM fungi, Pisolithus tinctorius and Paxillus involutus. The two fungus stains were chosen because they differed in infection characteristics as well as in PA and auxin production. The results were compared to our earlier study with two Suillus variegatus strains forming ECMs with Scots pine seedlings in vitro. Paxillus was not able to form ECMs whereas Pisolithus formed ECM association with Scots pine seedlings within two weeks. However, Paxillus enhanced the growth of the seedlings more than Pisolithus. Paxillus also increased putrescine (Put) concentrations of the seedlings in the pre-mycorrhizal phase much more than Pisolithus. A similar trend was observed in the free spermidine (Spd) in stems, whereas in the needles Paxillus decreased free Spd concentration. Pisolithus caused a threefold greater increase in root free Spd than Paxillus. Effects of Paxillus on the growth and PA fluctuation, excluding root free Spd, of the host plant resembled that observed in our previous in vitro study on S. variegatus–Scots pine interaction. Therefore, changes in specific PA concentrations in the pre-mycorrhizal phase seem to be related to growth induction by the ECM fungus rather than to mycorrhiza formation. Moreover, we suggest that growth induction in host plants is not necessarily followed by ECM formation. |
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