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Aluminum-induced oxidative stress in cucumber

Authors:	Luciane Belmonte Pereira Cinthia Melazzo de A Mazzanti Jamile F Gonçalves Denise Cargnelutti Luciane A Tabaldi Alexssandro Geferson Becker Nicéia Spanholi Calgaroto Júlia Gomes Farias Vanessa Battisti Denise Bohrer Fernando T Nicoloso Vera M Morsch Maria RC Schetinger

Institution:	1. Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;2. Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;1. Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;2. Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark;1. Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil;2. Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaría, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile;3. Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;1. AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand;2. Agriculture and Life Science, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7467, New Zealand;1. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China;2. Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China;3. School of Geographic Science, NanTong University, NanTong, 226019, China;4. Nuclear Technology Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China;1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA

Abstract:	Aluminum (Al) is one of the most abundant elements of the planet and exposure to this metal can cause oxidative stress and lead to various signs of toxicity in plants. Plants are essential organisms for the environment as well as food for humans and animals. The toxic effect of aluminum is the major cause of decreased crop productivity. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of aluminum on the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT – E.C. 1.11.1.6), superoxide dismutase (SOD – E.C.1.15.1.1) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX – E.C. 1.11.1.11), and on lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage percentage (ELP) and chlorophyll and protein oxidation levels in Cucumis sativus L. (cv. Aodai). Seedlings were grown at different concentrations of aluminum ranging from 1 to 2000 μM for 10 days. The increase in ELP and H₂O₂ production observed in the seedlings may be related to the decreased efficiency of the antioxidant system at higher aluminum concentrations. The antioxidant system was unable to overcome toxicity resulting in negative effects such as lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and a decrease in the growth of Cucumis seedlings. Aluminum toxicity triggered alterations in the antioxidant and physiological status of growing cucumber seedlings.

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