Antioxidants and redox regulation: Changing notions in a changing world |
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| Authors: | Mario C De Tullio |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Quebec in Montreal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, 8 Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3P8;2. Department of Agri-food Productions and Environmental Science, Section of Plant and Soil Science, Piazzale delle Cascine, Firenze, Italy;3. Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, Faculty of Biology, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria;4. Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw Agricultural University SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;1. Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan;2. Center of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan;3. Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;4. Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman;5. Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran;6. School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia;1. Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany;1. Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (C-PAN) Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia;2. Clinical Exercise Science Research Program, Institute for Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The concepts of antioxidants and redox regulation are reconsidered in the light of recent findings, and some new future challenges for redox biology are outlined. It is suggested that antioxidants, thioredoxin-mediated redox regulation, and signal transduction mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, are all part of the same broad mechanism. The integration of different redox inputs, by affecting reversible thiol-disulfide dynamics in a set of target proteins, could result in the regulation of key processes such as proteolysis, gene expression and the functioning of selected metabolic pathways. Most interestingly, redox regulation is not just based on a binary “yes or no” response, and is therefore a convenient way to achieve graded control over the continuum of environmental variables. |
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