Effects of sulfate on cadmium uptake by Swiss chard: I. Effects of complexation and calcium competition in nutrient solutions |
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| Authors: | McLaughlin M. J. Andrew S. J. Smart M.K. Smolders E. |
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| Affiliation: | (1) CSIRO Land and Water, Glen Osmond, South Australia;(2) CRC for Soil and Land Management, Glen Osmond, South Australia;(3) Laboratory of Soil Fertility and Soil Biology, K.U. Leuven, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | The impacts of both sulfate (SO4) and calcium (Ca) concentrations in solution on plant uptake of cadmium (Cd) vary according to effects on both sorption of Cd by soil and on uptake by the plant root. This study investigated how complexation of Cd by SO4 affected plant Cd uptake in nutrient solution. Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Fordhook Giant) was grown in nutrient solution with SO4 concentrations varying between 8 mM and 58 m M, with ionic strength maintained constant across treatments using nitrate (NO3). In a separate experiment, solution Ca concentrations was also varied to compensate for SO4 complexation by Ca. Plant growth was unaffected by increasing SO4 concentrations in solution. Despite considerable reductions in free Cd2+ ion activities in solution by increasing SO4 concentrations, plant Cd concentrations were unaffected. Similarly, plant Cd concentrations were unaffected by increasing Ca concentrations in solution to compensate for SO4 complexation of Ca. These data suggest that the CdSO40 complex is taken up by plants with equal efficiency to the free Cd2+ ion. |
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| Keywords: | Cd2+ activity Cd– SO4 interaction nutrient solution salinity speciation |
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