Dispersal of four fritillary butterflies within identical landscape |
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Authors: | Zdenek Fric Vladimir Hula Martina Klimova Kamil Zimmermann Martin Konvicka |
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Institution: | (1) Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;(2) School of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;(3) School of Agriculture, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zemedelska 1, 61301 Brno, Czech Republic |
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Abstract: | Both species-specific traits and landscape configuration, such as area and connectivity of habitat patches plus the character
of uninhabitable matrix, affect animal movements in fragmented landscapes. Difficulties with disentangling species-specific
and landscape effects have obscured comparisons among species, hindering the understanding of dispersal in metapopulations.
To circumvent this complication, we performed a mark–recapture study of four related nymphalid butterflies within identical
landscape and in single season. The studied species were three Melitaeinae checkerspots (Euphydryas aurinia, Melitaea athalia, Melitaea diamina) and one Argynnini fritillary (Brenthis ino). Applying the Virtual Migration model revealed that (1) except for mortality within habitat, model parameters differed from
those found for the studied species elsewhere; (2) the three Melitaeinae species were more akin in movement parameters than
the Argynnini representative (i.e., B. ino); (3) within Melitaeinae, differences between sexes were more prominent than differences among species; (4) Melitaeinae males
left natal patches more readily than females, while the opposite applied to B. ino; (5) males of M. diamina and both sexes of B. ino exhibited highest values of dispersal mortality; (6) except for females of M. diamina and both sexes of B. ino, immigration and emigration scaled with area in females but not in males. Finding (1) demonstrates that geometry of habitat
network affects mobility considerably and that transferring dispersal parameters across systems is unwarranted. Still, (2–6)
demonstrate that within identical networks, related species follow similar dispersal patterns, suggesting that conservation
scenarios suitable for a well-studied model species would suite related species as well. |
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