Screening the essential oil composition of wild Sicilian fennel |
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Authors: | Edoardo M Napoli Giusy Curcuruto Giuseppe Ruberto |
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Institution: | Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18-95126 Catania, Italy |
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Abstract: | Fifty-six samples of wild fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) have been collected in different localities of Sicily and analysed for their content in seed essential oils. The GC-FID-MS analyses allowed identifying 78 compounds, representing more than 98% of the oils. Phenylpropanoids are the most highly represented components – 55 samples show estragole as the main compound ranging between 34 and 89%, while (E)-anethole is the other phenylpropanoid ranging between 0.1 and 36%, although it only reaches appreciable values in a few samples, largely being present below 1%. The oxygenated monoterpene, fenchone, a typical fennel oil component, has been found in all samples, in the 2–27% range; α-pinene (1–21%), limonene (1–17%) and γ-terpinene (<1–4%) were the monoterpene hydrocarbons found in all samples. Only one sample showed piperitenone oxide and limonene as main components, with 42 and 34%, respectively, and with the lack of any phenylpropanoid. Sesquiterpenes and others compounds class had only negligible values or were not detected in all samples. Statistical analyses allowed to single out five groups, reflecting the compositional differences of the essential oil profiles of the wild Sicilian fennel. |
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Keywords: | Foeniculum vulgare subsp capillaceum var vulgare (Mill ) Thell Foeniculum vulgare subsp piperitum (Ucria) Coutinho Sicily Essential oil Estragole Fenchone GC-MS Cluster analysis |
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