Immunobiology of pregnancy: from basic science to translational medicine |
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| Institution: | 1. Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy;2. Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per l''Endocrinologia e l''Oncologia Sperimentale “G. Salvatore”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy;3. Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany;4. Research Group Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ Systems, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium;5. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA;6. Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Napoli, Italy;7. Global Clinical Development, Merck Serono SpA, Roma, Italy;1. Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA;2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584, CG, The Netherlands;1. Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;1. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518103, China;2. First University Department of Respiratory Medicine, ‘Sotiria’ Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece;3. Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece;1. Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;2. Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;1. Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China;1. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;2. Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children''s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;3. Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA;4. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA;5. Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;6. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;7. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;8. Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA;9. Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Embryo implantation failure and spontaneous abortions represent the main causes of infertility in developed countries. Unfortunately, incomplete knowledge of the multiple factors involved in implantation and fetal development keeps the success rate of medically assisted procreation techniques relatively low. According to recent literature, cellular and molecular mechanisms of ‘immunogenic tolerance’ towards the embryo are crucial to establish an ‘anti-inflammatory’ state permissive of a healthy pregnancy. In this review we dissect the role played by the immune system in the endometrial–embryo crosstalk, with a particular emphasis towards the fork-head-box-p3 (Foxp3+) CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and discuss the most recent therapeutic advances in the context of early immune-mediated pregnancy loss. |
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