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Chemo- and opto-genetic tools for dissecting the role of membrane contact sites in living cells: Recent advances and limitations |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan;2. Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan;3. Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan;1. Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India;2. DBT-Wellcome Trust India Alliance Senior Fellow, Mumbai 400076, India;1. Department of Biochemistry, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel;1. Dept. of Anatomy, Bioimaging and Neuro-cell Science, Jichi Medical University, Japan;2. Dept. of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan;3. Dept. of Medical Education, Jichi Medical University, Japan |
| Abstract: | Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are morphologically defined intracellular structures where cellular membranes are closely apposed. Recent progress has significantly advanced our understanding of MCSs with the use of new tools and techniques. Visualization of MCSs in living cells by split fluorescence proteins or FRET-based techniques tells us the dynamic property of MCSs. Manipulation of MCSs by chemically-induced dimerization (CID) or light-induced dimerization (LID) greatly contributes to our understanding of their functional aspects including inter-organelle lipid transport mediated by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). Here we highlight recent advances in these tools and techniques as applied to MCSs, and we discuss their advantages and limitations. |
| Keywords: | Membrane contact site Lipid transfer protein Chemically-induced dimerization Light-induced dimerization Phosphoinositides Imaging Fluorescent probes |
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