Osteometry at muscle origin and insertion in sex determination

Multivariate statistical analyses were performed on 22 size measurements of the humerus from five sample populations: Sudanese Nubians, Arikara, Pecos Pueblos, American blacks, and American whites. The effects of muscle use ("occupational" differences) on identification of sex in this long bone are examined, particularly at points of muscle origins and insertions. The ramifications of the results of this research on sexual dimorphism studies of other bones are discussed.