Myelin Proteomics: Molecular Anatomy of an Insulating Sheath |
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Authors: | Olaf Jahn Stefan Tenzer Hauke B Werner |
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Institution: | (1) Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany;(2) DFG Research Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Goettingen, Germany;(3) Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany;(4) Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Goettingen, Germany |
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Abstract: | Fast-transmitting vertebrate axons are electrically insulated with multiple layers of nonconductive plasma membrane of glial
cell origin, termed myelin. The myelin membrane is dominated by lipids, and its protein composition has historically been
viewed to be of very low complexity. In this review, we discuss an updated reference compendium of 342 proteins associated
with central nervous system myelin that represents a valuable resource for analyzing myelin biogenesis and white matter homeostasis.
Cataloging the myelin proteome has been made possible by technical advances in the separation and mass spectrometric detection
of proteins, also referred to as proteomics. This led to the identification of a large number of novel myelin-associated proteins,
many of which represent low abundant components involved in catalytic activities, the cytoskeleton, vesicular trafficking,
or cell adhesion. By mass spectrometry-based quantification, proteolipid protein and myelin basic protein constitute 17% and
8% of total myelin protein, respectively, suggesting that their abundance was previously overestimated. As the biochemical
profile of myelin-associated proteins is highly reproducible, differential proteome analyses can be applied to material isolated
from patients or animal models of myelin-related diseases such as multiple sclerosis and leukodystrophies. |
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Keywords: | Keyword" target="_blank">Keyword Oligodendrocyte Leukodystrophy Myelin Internode Proteome Proteomics Cytoskeleton Neurodegeneration Proteolipid protein Myelin basic protein |
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