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Health risks of consuming apples with carbendazim,imidacloprid, and thiophanate-methyl in the Chinese population: Risk assessment based on a nonparametric probabilistic evaluation model
Authors:Mengliang Ye  Zhixia Li  Yang Cheng  Lijing Zheng  Guofeng Xu
Institution:1. Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng, P.R. China;2. Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit?(Xingcheng), Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, P.R. China;3. Quality Inspection and Test Center for Fruit and Nursery Stocks, Ministry of Agriculture, Xingcheng, P.R. China
Abstract:The pesticides carbendazim (CA), imidacloprid (IM), and thiophanate-methyl (TH) are used extensively in apple production. However, the presence of pesticide residues in apples has been associated with a wide range of human health hazards. To assess whether apples are safe to consume, evaluating their potential health risk is of great significance. We tested apples from two dominant apple-producing areas for the presence of pesticide residues and constructed a statistical model to evaluate their health risks. Of the three commonly used pesticides, thirty-two samples (11.3% of all tested samples) were residue-free and 231 (81.9%) contained CA residues, which was the most frequently detectable pesticide, followed by TH (52.1%) and IM (39.0%). All of the samples were below the maximum residue limits. The probabilistic assessment results indicated that the pesticide intake risks for kids (aged 2–6 years) and children (aged 7–13 years) were significantly higher than those of other groups, so that they were the vital monitoring objects. Our findings indicate that consumption of apples with these three pesticides does not pose a health threat for the population. Nevertheless, we recommend an investigation into continuous monitoring and stricter regulations on fruits' quality and safety throughout China.
Keywords:apple  pesticide residue  risk assessment  nonparametric probabilistic evaluation model
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