Mechanics of cranial sutures using the finite element method |
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| Authors: | SC Jasinoski BD Reddy KK Louw A Chinsamy |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;2. Centre for Research in Computational and Applied Mechanics, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;1. Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;2. New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;3. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 5-8T Mechanical Engineering Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2G8;2. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada;1. Graduate student, Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex; currently, assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind;2. Visiting research fellow, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex; currently, graduate student, Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China;3. Postdoctoral fellow, Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind;4. Associate professor, Department of Restorative Sciences, Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex;5. Student researcher, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex; currently, graduate student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, Ill;6. Student researcher, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex; currently, graduate student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Tex;7. Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea;8. Regent''s professor, Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex;9. Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex; Director of Technology Development, Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex;1. Discipline of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore;2. Department of Orthodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash |
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| Abstract: | To investigate how cranial suture morphology and the arrangement of sutural collagen fibres respond to compressive and tensile loads, an idealised bone–suture–bone complex was analysed using a two-dimensional finite element model. Three suture morphologies were simulated with an increasing interdigitation index (I.I.): butt-ended, moderate interdigitated, and complex interdigitated. The collagen matrix within all sutures was modelled as an isotropic material, and as an orthotropic material in the interdigitated sutures with fibre alignment as reported in studies of miniature pigs. Static uniform compressive or tensile loading was applied to the complex. In interdigitated sutures with isotropic material properties, the orientation of the maximum (tensile) principal stresses within the suture matched the collagen fibre orientation observed in compressed and tensed sutures of miniature pigs. This suggests that randomly arranged sutural collagen fibres could optimise to an orientation most appropriate to withstand the predominant type of loading. A compression-resistant fibre arrangement imparted the highest suture strain energy relative to the isotropic and tension-resistant arrangements, indicating that this configuration maximises energy storage. A comparison across the different suture morphologies indicated that bone strain energy generally decreased with a decrease in I.I., irrespective of the sutural fibre arrangement. However, high bone stress at the interdigitation apices shifted to the limbs of the suture with an increase in I.I. These combined findings highlight the importance of suture morphology and anisotropy as properties having a significant influence on sutural mechanics. |
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