Using relative velocity vectors to reveal axial rotation about the medial and lateral compartment of the knee |
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| Authors: | William J Anderst Scott Tashman |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physical Therapy, Sapporo Medical University School of Health Sciences, Japan;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan;3. Department of Musculoskeletal Biomechanics and Surgical Development, Sapporo Medical University, Japan;1. Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK;2. Leeds Institute for Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK;3. Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK;4. NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK;5. School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an, China;1. Department of Sports Orthopaedics, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Osaka, Japan;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hoshigaoka Medical Center, Osaka, Japan;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Moriguchi Keijinkai Hospital, Osaka, Japan;4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka, Japan;5. Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan;6. Faculty of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan;2. Division of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | A new technique is presented that utilizes relative velocity vectors between articulating surfaces to characterize internal/external rotation of the tibio-femoral joint during dynamic loading. Precise tibio-femoral motion was determined by tracking the movement of implanted tantalum beads in high-speed biplane X-rays. Three-dimensional, subject-specific CT reconstructions of the femur and tibia, consisting of triangular mesh elements, were positioned in each analyzed frame. The minimum distance between subchondral bone surfaces was recorded for each mesh element comprising each bone surface, and the relative velocity between these opposing closest surface elements was determined in each frame. Internal/external rotation was visualized by superimposing tangential relative velocity vectors onto bone surfaces at each instant. Rotation about medial and lateral compartments was quantified by calculating the angle between these tangential relative vectors within each compartment. Results acquired from 68 test sessions involving 23 dogs indicated a consistent pattern of sequential rotation about the lateral condyle (approximately 60 ms after paw strike) followed by rotation about the medial condyle (approximately 100 ms after paw strike). These results imply that axial knee rotation follows a repeatable pattern within and among subjects. This pattern involves rotation about both the lateral and medial compartments. The technique described can be easily applied to study human knee internal/external rotation during a variety of activities. This information may be useful to define normal and pathologic conditions, to confirm post-surgical restoration of knee mechanics, and to design more realistic prosthetic devices. Furthermore, analysis of joint arthrokinematics, such as those described, may identify changes in joint mechanics associated with joint degeneration. |
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