Mechanical design criteria for intervertebral disc tissue engineering |
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| Authors: | Nandan L Nerurkar Dawn M Elliott Robert L Mauck |
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| Institution: | 1. Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada;2. Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada;3. Techna Institute, University Health Network, 100 College St., Rm 211, Toronto, ON, M5G 1P5, Canada;4. Department of Medical Biophysics and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, ON, M5T 1L7, Canada;5. Anchor Orthopedics XT Inc., 2645 Matheson Blvd. East, Mississauga, ON, L4W 5S4, Canada;6. Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2075 Bayview Ave., Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada;1. School of Mechanical Engineering, The Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;2. Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081 Ulm, Germany;3. IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, via Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy;4. Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany;5. Core Facility Small Animal MRI, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Due to the inability of current clinical practices to restore function to degenerated intervertebral discs, the arena of disc tissue engineering has received substantial attention in recent years. Despite tremendous growth and progress in this field, translation to clinical implementation has been hindered by a lack of well-defined functional benchmarks. Because successful replacement of the disc is contingent upon replication of some or all of its complex mechanical behaviors, it is critically important that disc mechanics be well characterized in order to establish discrete functional goals for tissue engineering. In this review, the key functional signatures of the intervertebral disc are discussed and used to propose a series of native tissue benchmarks to guide the development of engineered replacement tissues. These benchmarks include measures of mechanical function under tensile, compressive, and shear deformations for the disc and its substructures. In some cases, important functional measures are identified that have yet to be measured in the native tissue. Ultimately, native tissue benchmark values are compared to measurements that have been made on engineered disc tissues, identifying where functional equivalence was achieved, and where there remain opportunities for advancement. Several excellent reviews exist regarding disc composition and structure, as well as recent tissue engineering strategies; therefore this review will remain focused on the functional aspects of disc tissue engineering. |
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