Osmotic loading of articular cartilage modulates cell deformations along primary collagen fibril directions |
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| Authors: | Rami K Korhonen Sang-Kuy Han Walter Herzog |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Physics, University of Kuopio, POB 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;2. Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4;1. Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, P.O. Box 71555-313, Shiraz, Iran;2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Yasouj University, P.O. Box 75914-353, Yasouj, Iran;1. Laboratório de Materiais e Combustíveis – LMC, Instituto de Química da Universidade de Brasília, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos – LDPQ, Instituto de Química da Universidade de Brasília, Brazil;2. Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA;3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;4. Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;1. Research Service, Veteran Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, 3495 Bailey Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA;2. Department of Ophthalmology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Ross Eye Institute, 1176 Main Street, Buffalo, NY 14209, USA;3. SUNY Eye Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA;1. School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;2. Department of Organ Reconstruction, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;3. School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;5. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan;6. Department of Orthopedics, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 23702, Taiwan;7. Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan;8. Department of Orthopedics, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan 70965, Taiwan;9. Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | Osmotic loading is known to modulate chondrocyte (cell) height, width and volume in articular cartilage. It is not known how cartilage architecture, especially the collagen fibril orientation, affects cell shape changes as a result of an osmotic challenge.Intact patellae of New Zealand white rabbits (n=6) were prepared for fluorescence imaging. Patellae were exposed to a hypotonic osmotic shock and cells were imaged before loading and 5–60 min after the osmotic challenge. Cell volumes and aspect ratios (height/width) were analyzed. A fibril-reinforced poroelastic swelling model with realistic primary collagen fibril orientations, i.e. horizontal, random and vertical orientation in the superficial, middle and deep zones, respectively and cells in different zones was used to estimate cell aspect ratios theoretically.As the medium osmolarity was reduced, cell aspect ratios decreased and volumes increased in the superficial zone of cartilage both experimentally (p<0.05) and theoretically. Theoretically determined aspect ratios of middle zone cells remained virtually constant, while they increased for deep zone cells as osmolarity was reduced.Findings of this study suggest that osmotic loading modulates chondrocyte shapes in accordance with the primary collagen fibril directions in articular cartilage. |
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