Muscle mass in musculoskeletal models |
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| Authors: | Dinesh K Pai |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Mathematics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China;2. Department of Engineering Mechanics, Yuquan Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China;1. Department of Nursing Environments and Systems, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Nursing Policy Research Institute, Republic of Korea;2. Faculty of Exercise and Sports Sciences, College of Natural Science, Jeju National University, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Family Health Care, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Nursing Policy Research Institute, Biobehavioral Research Center, Republic of Korea;4. Sport and Medicine Research Center, INTOTO, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea;5. Yonsei University College of Nursing, Republic of Korea;6. Department of Clinical Nursing Science, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Nursing Policy Research Institute, Biobehavioral Research Center, Republic of Korea;1. Dpto. Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Q. A. Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain;2. Department of Biogeochemistry, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan;3. Dpto. Geología y Geoquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Spain;4. Fundación Instituto de Investigación de Prehistoria y Evolución Humana. Lucena. Spain;1. Department of Engineering, Roma TRE University, Rome, Italy;2. Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Latina, Italy;3. Rehabilitation Centre, Policlinico Italia, Rome, Italy;4. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy;5. Fondazione Don Gnocchi, Milan, Italy;1. Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movements Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;2. Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA;3. Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;4. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA;1. School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si 16419, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering, Dankook University, 126, Jukjeon-dong, Suji-gu, Yongin-si 448-701, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | Most current models of musculoskeletal dynamics lump a muscle's mass with its body segment, and then simulate the dynamics of these body segments connected by joints. As shown here, this popular approach leads to errors in the system's inertia matrix and hence in all aspects of the dynamics. Two simplified mathematical models were created to capture the relevant features of monoarticular and biarticular muscles, and the errors were analyzed. The models were also applied to two physiological examples: the triceps surae muscles that plantar flex the human ankle and the biceps femoris posterior muscle of the rat hind limb. The analysis of errors due to lumping showed that these errors can be large. Although the errors can be reduced in some postures, they cannot be easily eliminated in models that use segment lumping. Some options for addressing these errors are discussed. |
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