Shape,loading, and motion in the bioengineering design,fabrication, and testing of personalized synovial joints |
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| Authors: | Gregory M Williams Elaine F Chan Michele M Temple-Wong Won C Bae Koichi Masuda William D Bugbee Robert L Sah |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;2. Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;4. Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA;5. Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA;1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA;2. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, LaJolla, CA;1. Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;2. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Evidence Based Orthopaedics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA;4. Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;5. Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada;1. Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;2. Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK;1. Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;2. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;3. Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;4. Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland;5. Molecular Immunology Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;6. School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland |
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| Abstract: | With continued development and improvement of tissue engineering therapies for small articular lesions, increased attention is being focused on the challenge of engineering partial or whole synovial joints. Joint-scale constructs could have applications in the treatment of large areas of articular damage or in biological arthroplasty of severely degenerate joints. This review considers the roles of shape, loading and motion in synovial joint mechanobiology and their incorporation into the design, fabrication, and testing of engineered partial or whole joints. Incidence of degeneration, degree of impairment, and efficacy of current treatments are critical factors in choosing a target for joint bioengineering. The form and function of native joints may guide the design of engineered joint-scale constructs with respect to size, shape, and maturity. Fabrication challenges for joint-scale engineering include controlling chemo-mechano-biological microenvironments to promote the development and growth of multiple tissues with integrated interfaces or lubricated surfaces into anatomical shapes, and developing joint-scale bioreactors which nurture and stimulate the tissue with loading and motion. Finally, evaluation of load-bearing and tribological properties can range from tissue to joint scale and can focus on biological structure at present or after adaptation. |
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