Segment-interaction in sprint start: Analysis of 3D angular velocity and kinetic energy in elite sprinters |
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| Authors: | J. Slawinski A. Bonnefoy G. Ontanon J.M. Leveque C. Miller A. Riquet L. Chèze R. Dumas |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Scientific expertise centre, TeamLagardere, Jean Bouin Stadium, General Sarrail Avenue 26, 75016 Paris, France;2. Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France;3. INRETS, UMR_T9406 Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs, F-69675 Bron, France;1. Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan;2. Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA;3. Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Saitama, Japan;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, Republic of Korea;1. Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, 122 E 1700 S, Provo, UT 84606, USA;2. Southern Methodist University, 5538 Dyer St., Suite 105, Dallas, TX 75206, USA;3. West Chester University, 206 Sturzbecker Health Sciences Center, West Chester, PA 19383, USA;1. Edith Cowan University, Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Australia;2. Deakin University, Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Australia;1. Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;2. Department of Health and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA |
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| Abstract: | The aim of the present study was to measure during a sprint start the joint angular velocity and the kinetic energy of the different segments in elite sprinters. This was performed using a 3D kinematic analysis of the whole body. Eight elite sprinters (10.30±0.14 s 100 m time), equipped with 63 passive reflective markers, realised four maximal 10 m sprints start on an indoor track. An opto-electronic Motion Analysis® system consisting of 12 digital cameras (250 Hz) was used to collect the 3D marker trajectories. During the pushing phase on the blocks, the 3D angular velocity vector and its norm were calculated for each joint. The kinetic energy of 16 segments of the lower and upper limbs and of the total body was calculated. The 3D kinematic analysis of the whole body demonstrated that joints such as shoulders, thoracic or hips did not reach their maximal angular velocity with a movement of flexion–extension, but with a combination of flexion–extension, abduction–adduction and internal–external rotation. The maximal kinetic energy of the total body was reached before clearing block (respectively, 537±59.3 J vs. 514.9±66.0 J; p≤0.01). These results suggested that a better synchronization between the upper and lower limbs could increase the efficiency of pushing phase on the blocks. Besides, to understand low interindividual variances in the sprint start performance in elite athletes, a 3D complete body kinematic analysis shall be used. |
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