A micromechanical model of skeletal muscle to explore the effects of fiber and fascicle geometry |
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| Authors: | Bahar Sharafi Silvia S Blemker |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 122 Engineer''s Way, P.O. Box 400746, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4746, USA;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA;1. Center for Biomedical Computing, Simula Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 134, 1325 Lysaker, Norway;2. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, CA, USA;3. Department of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA, USA;2. Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, California;4. Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, California;5. Simula School of Research and Innovation, Oslo, Norway;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;6. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California;11. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, California;1. Mayo Medical School, Mayo Graduate School, and the Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States;2. Mayo Graduate School, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States;3. Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States;4. Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States;5. Biomechanics Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States;1. Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California;1. Aragón Institute of Engineering Research. University of Zaragoza, Ed. Betancourt, C/ Maria de Luna s/n 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;2. CIBER-BBN. Centro de Investigación en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Computational models of muscle generally lump the material properties of connective tissue, muscle fibers, and muscle fascicles together into one constitutive relationship that assumes a transversely isotropic microstructure. These models do not take into account how variations in the microstructure of muscle affect its macroscopic material properties. The goal of this work was to develop micromechanical models of muscle to determine the effects of variations in muscle microstructure on the macroscopic constitutive behavior. We created micromechanical models at the fiber and fascicle levels based on histological cross-sections of two rabbit muscles, the rectus femoris (RF) and the soleus, to determine the effects of microstructure geometry (fiber and fascicle shapes) on the along-fiber shear modulus of muscle. The two fiber-level models predicted similar macroscopic shear moduli (within 13.5% difference); however, the two fascicle-level models predicted very different macroscopic shear moduli (up to 161% difference). We also used the micromechanical models to test the assumption that the macroscopic properties of muscle are transversely isotropic about the fiber (or fascicle) direction. The fiber-level models exhibited behavior consistent with the transverse isotropy assumption; however, the fascicle-level models exhibited transversely anisotropic behavior. Micromechanical models, combined with fiber and fiber bundle mechanical experiments, are needed to understand how normal or pathological variations in microstructure give rise to the observed macroscopic behavior of muscle. |
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