High strain rate response of rabbit femur bones |
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| Authors: | Vasanth Chakravarthy Shunmugasamy Nikhil Gupta Paulo G Coelho |
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| Institution: | 1. Queen Mary University of London, School of Engineering and Material Science, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;2. MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0RD, UK;3. Core Research Laboratories, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK;4. Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, E1 2AD, UK;5. Diamond Light Source Ltd., Beamline I22, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK;6. Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7JL, UK;7. Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brookhill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK;1. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Imperial College London, Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK;2. College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;3. Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Complex Systems, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;5. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Strain rate dependence of the mechanical response of hard tissues has led to a keen interest in their dynamic properties. The current study attempts to understand the high strain rate characteristics of rabbit femur bones. The testing was conducted using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar equipped with a high speed imaging system to capture the fracture patterns. The bones were also characterized under quasi-static compression to enable comparison with the high strain rate results. The quasi-static compressive moduli of the epiphyseal and diaphyseal regions were measured to be in the range of 2–3 and 5–7 GPa, respectively. Under high strain rate loading conditions the modulus is observed to increase with strain rate and attains values as high as 15 GPa for epiphyseal and 30 GPa for diaphyseal regions of the femur. The strength at high strain rate was measured to be about twice the quasi-static strength value. A large number of small cracks initiated on the specimen surface close to the incident bar. Coalescence of crack branches leading to fewer large cracks resulted in specimen fragmentation. In comparison, the quasi-static failure was due to shear cracking. |
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