Structural and functional changes of the articular surface in a post-traumatic model of early osteoarthritis measured by atomic force microscopy |
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| Authors: | Jane Desrochers Matthias A. Amrein John R. Matyas |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, New Zealand;2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands;1. Bilkent University, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Ankara, 06800, Turkey;2. Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;1. Uniformed Services University of the Health Services, Bethesda, MD, USA;2. Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Naval Health Clinic Annapolis, US Naval Academy, 250 Wood Road, Annapolis, MD 21402-5050, USA;3. Department of Orthopaedics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;1. Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK;2. Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China |
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| Abstract: | The functional integrity of the articulating cartilage surface is a critical determinant of joint health. Although a variety of techniques exist to characterize the structural changes in the tissue with osteoarthritis (OA), some with extremely high resolution, most lack the ability to detect and monitor the functional changes that accompany the structural deterioration of this essential bearing surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables the acquisition of both structural and mechanical properties of the articular cartilage surface, with up to nanoscale resolution, making it particularly useful for evaluating the functional behavior of the macromolecular network forming the cartilage surface, which disintegrates in OA.In the present study, AFM was applied to the articular cartilage surfaces from six pairs of canine knee joints with post-traumatic OA. Microstructure (RMS roughness) and micromechanics (dynamic indentation modulus, E?) of medial femoral condyle cartilages were compared between contralateral controls and cruciate-transected knee joints, which develop early signs of OA by three months after surgery.Results reveal a significant increase in RMS roughness and a significant four-fold decrease in E? in cartilages from cruciate-transected joints versus contralateral controls. Compared to previous reports of changes in bulk mechanics, AFM was considerably more sensitive at detecting early cartilage changes due to cruciate-deficiency. The use of AFM in this study provides important new information on early changes in the natural history of OA because of its ability to sensitively detect and measure local structural and functional changes of the articular cartilage surface, the presumptive site of osteoarthritic initiation. |
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