The biomechanical effects of limb lengthening and botulinum toxin type A on rabbit tendon |
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| Authors: | Ronke M Olabisi Thomas M Best Christof Hurschler Ray Vanderby Kenneth J Noonan |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6500 Main St MS 142, Houston, TX 77035, USA;2. Division of Sports Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA;3. Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany;4. Department of Orthopedics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA;1. Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan;2. Department of Arrhythmia and Cardiac Pacing, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan;1. Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, and Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH;2. Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China;1. Odontoclínica Central do Exército (OCEx), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;3. DST/AIDS Outpatient Clinic, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Espirito Santo, Brazil;4. School of Dentistry, Veiga de Almeida University, UVA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;5. Nursing and Pharmacy College, University Center, UNIABEU, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;6. Women’s Health Sector, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Espirito Santo, Brazil;7. Clinical Dentistry Department, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Numerous studies have examined the effects of distraction osteogenesis (DO) on bone, but relatively fewer have explored muscle adaptation, and even less have addressed the concomitant alterations that occur in the tendon. The purpose herein was to characterize the biomechanical properties of normal and elongated rabbit (N=20) tendons with and without prophylactic botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) treatment. Elastic and viscoelastic properties of Achilles and Tibialis anterior (TA) tendons were evaluated through pull to failure and stress relaxation tests.All TA tendons displayed nonlinear viscoelastic responses that were strain dependent. A power law formulation was used to model tendon viscoelastic responses and tendon elastic responses were fit with a microstructural model. Distraction-elongated tendons displayed increases in compliance and stress relaxation rates over undistracted tendons; BTX-A administration offset this result. The elastic moduli of distraction-lengthened TA tendons were diminished (p=0.010) when distraction was combined with gastrocnemius (GA) BTX-A administration, elastic moduli were further decreased (p=0.004) and distraction following TA BTX-A administration resulted in TA tendons with moduli not different from contralateral control (p>0.05). Compared to contralateral control, distraction and GA BTX-A administration displayed shortened toe regions, (p=0.031 and 0.038, respectively), while tendons receiving BTX-A in the TA had no differences in the toe region (p>0.05). Ultimate tensile stress was unaltered by DO, but stress at the transition from the toe to the linear region of the stress–stretch curve was diminished in all distraction-elongated TA tendons (p<0.05). The data suggest that prophylactic BTX-A treatment to the TA protects some tendon biomechanical properties. |
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