2018-2020年乌鲁木齐市婴幼儿病毒性腹泻监测及病原学分析

分析乌鲁木齐市2018-2020年 < 5岁婴幼儿病毒性腹泻流行病学与病原学特征, 为本地区病毒性腹泻防控提供参考依据。

收集2018-2020年乌鲁木齐市哨点医院门诊 < 5岁婴幼儿病毒性腹泻流行病学信息和粪便标本, 用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测A组轮状病毒(RV)、札如病毒(SAV)、诺如病毒(NV)、肠道腺病毒(EADV)和星状病毒(ASV)核酸, 并用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测A组RV基因分型。

445份标本中病毒阳性率分别为A组RV 45.02%、NV 10.33%、EADV 9.04%、SAV 5.35%、ASV 1.29%, 混合感染率为28.97%, 7~12月龄组阳性率最高为69.8%, 25~36月龄组最低为2.4%。不同季节A组RV、SAV、ASV阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ²=37.582、21.047、17.685, 均P < 0.001), A组RV 12月份和1月份检出高峰。A组RV的G血清型以G9为主占61.8%, P血清型以P[8]为主占87.7%;NV基因型以GⅡ型为主, 3年检出率分别为93.54%、88.64%、100.00%;病毒性腹泻冬春季高发分别为26.5%、28.5%。

乌鲁木齐市2018-2020年 < 5岁婴幼儿病毒性腹泻中, 2岁以下阳性率最高, A组RV和NV病毒为主要病原。

Analysis of four kinds of virus infections and aetiology in infants and young children in Urumqi from 2018 to 2020

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of viral diarrhea in infants under 5 years old in Urumqi from 2018 to 2020, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of viral diarrhea.MethodsThe epidemiological information and stool samples of viral diarrhea in outpatients of Urumqi sentinel hospital from 2018 to 2020 were collected. The nucleic acids of group A Rotavirus(RV), Zarovirus(SAV), Norovirus(NV), Adenovirus(EADV) and Astrovirus(ASV) were detected using real-time quantitative PCR; RT-PCR was used to detect rotavirus genotypes.ResultsThe positive rates of RV, NV, EADV, SAV and ASV were 45.02%, 10.33%, 9.04%, 5.35% and 1.29%, respectively. The mixed infection rate was 28.97%. The highest positive rate was 69.8% in 7-12 months group and the lowest was 2.4% in 25-36 months group. The positive rates of RV, SAV and ASV in different seasons were significantly different(χ2=37.582, χ2=21.047, χ2=17.685, all P < 0.001). RV reached the peak in December and January. The G serotype of RV was mainly G9, accounting for 61.8%, and the P serotype was mainly P[8], accounting for 87.7%. The genotype of NV was mainly G Ⅱ, the detection rate of which was 93.54%, 88.64% and 100.00% in three years respectively; 26.5% in winter and 28.5% in spring.ConclusionThe positive rate of viral diarrhea in children under 5 years old in Urumqi from 2018 to 2020 is the highest, and RV and NV viruses are the main pathogens.