食物过敏患儿肠道菌群特征及其与外周血Treg/Th17的相关性

分析食物过敏患儿肠道菌群分布与外周血免疫细胞Treg/Th17的关系。

选择2020年4月至2022年5月本院儿科收治的86例食物过敏患儿作为观察组，另选择同期80例健康儿童作为健康对照组。采集两组儿童新鲜粪便和外周血样本，分别测定肠道菌群数量以及外周血Treg/Th17细胞、血清相关细胞因子水平，并经Pearson相关性分析肠道菌群与外周血Treg/Th17的相关性。

观察组患儿肠道内乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量均低于健康对照组（均P＜0.05）；观察组患儿外周血内Treg细胞水平、Treg/Th17比值均低于健康对照组，但Th17细胞水平高于健康对照组（均P＜0.05）；观察组患儿的血清白细胞介素-17（interleukin-17，IL-17）水平高于健康对照组，血清转化生长因子-β1（transforming growth factor-β1，TGF-β1）指标低于健康对照组（均P＜0.05）；Pearson相关性分析结果显示，乳杆菌、双歧杆菌与外周血Treg细胞、TGF-β1水平均呈正相关，而与外周血Th17细胞、IL-17水平均呈负相关（均P＜0.05）。

食物过敏患儿伴显著的肠道菌群紊乱与免疫功能异常状况，肠道内乳杆菌和双歧杆菌水平以及外周血Treg细胞、TGF-β1表达减少，外周血Th17细胞、IL-17表达增多。临床应改善患儿肠道微生态环境，调控肠道菌群结构，促进肠道菌群分布平衡恢复。

Characteristics of intestinal flora in children with food allergy and its correlation with peripheral blood Treg/Th17

ObjectiveTo analysis of the relationship between the distribution of gut microbiota and Treg/Th17 in peripheral blood immune cells in children with food allergies. MethodsA total of 86 cases children with food allergy who were admitted to the Pediatrics Department of our hospital from April 2020 to May 2022 were selected as the observation group. Another 80 cases healthy children during the same period were selected as the healthy control group. The fresh feces and peripheral blood of the two groups of children were collected, and the contents of intestinal flora, Treg/Th17 cells in peripheral blood, and serum related cytokines were measured respectively. ResultsThe contents of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the intestinal tract of the observation group were lower than healthy control group (all P＜0.05); The content of Treg cells and ratio of Treg/Th17 in the peripheral blood of the observation group were lower than healthy control group, but the content of Th17 cells was higher than healthy control group (all P＜0.05); The serum interleukin-17 (IL-17) level in the observation group was higher than healthy control group, but the serum transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) level was lower than healthy control group (P＜0.05); The Pearson correlation analysis showed that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with peripheral blood Treg cells and TGF-β1 levels, and negatively correlated with peripheral blood Th17 cells and IL-17 levels (all P＜0.05). ConclusionChildren with food allergies are accompanied by significant intestinal microbiota disorder and immune dysfunction, levels of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in the intestine, as well as peripheral blood Treg cells and TGF-β1 decreased expression, increased expression of Th17 cells and IL-17 in peripheral blood. Clinical practice should improve the intestinal microbiota environment of children, regulate the structure of intestinal microbiota, and promote the restoration of intestinal microbiota distribution balance.