肠道菌群调控下的Th17/Treg细胞失衡与不明原因复发性流产的相关性研究进展

复发性流产作为困扰育龄期女性的常见病，病理机制十分复杂，其中，约有50%原因不明，为不明原因复发性流产，多与免疫因素相关。Th17与Treg细胞作为CD4⁺ T细胞的重要亚群，是维持妊娠母胎免疫耐受平衡的重要因子。肠道菌群广泛参与机体的内分泌、免疫反应和营养代谢等，近年来作为新兴领域已被许多学者证明与妊娠相关疾病的发生密切相关。研究表明，肠道菌群可以调控Th17/Treg细胞的分化与平衡，而肠道菌群失调则会导致Th17/Treg失衡，进而影响正常妊娠，导致不良的妊娠结局。目前，基于肠道菌群调控下的Th17/Treg细胞失衡与不明原因复发性流产的相关研究较少，现从肠道菌群对Th17/Treg细胞平衡的调节和Th17/Treg细胞失衡导致不明原因复发性流产出发，提出Th17/Treg细胞失衡相关的不明原因复发性流产可能与肠道菌群存在密切联系的假说，为免疫相关不明原因复发性流产的病因学研究和治疗提供新的靶向。

Correlation between Th17/Treg cells imbalance regulated by intestinal flora and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion: research progress

As a common problem perplexing woman of childbearing age, the pathological mechanism of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is very complex. Among them, about 50% of them have unknown causes, which called unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA), are mostly related to immune factors. As significant subsets of CD4+ T cells, Th17 and Treg cells are important factors involved in maintaining the balance of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. Intestinal flora is widely involved in the regulation of endocrine, immune response and nutritional metabolism. In recent years, as an emerging field, intestinal flora has been proved by many scholars to be closely related to the occurrence of pregnancy related diseases. Studies have shown that intestinal flora can regulate the differentiation and balance of Th17/Treg cells, while intestinal flora imbalance will lead to the imbalance of Th17/Treg axis, which will affect normal pregnancy and lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. At present, there are few studies about the relationship between Th17/Treg cell imbalance regulated by intestinal flora and URSA. Starting from the balance of Th17/Treg cells regulated by intestinal flora and URSA caused by Th17/Treg cell imbalance, this study puts forward the hypothesis that URSA related to Th17/Treg cell imbalance may be closely related to intestinal flora, so as to provide a new target for the etiological research and treatment of immune related URSA.