绝经综合征患者肠道菌群特征

研究绝经综合征患者的肠道菌群特征，为该类患者的治疗提供参考。

选取77例绝经综合征患者为病例组（P组），24例绝经前后健康女性为健康对照组（H组），采用16S rRNA基因测序技术检测两组对象肠道菌群结构，计算临床参数与肠道菌群的Spearman相关系数并采用PICRUSt2进行菌群的功能预测。

两组对象肠道菌群的alpha和beta多样性差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。LEfSe分析显示两组对象肠道菌群存在显著差异的物种（种水平）有14个（LDA分数＞2.0）。Spearman相关分析发现，雌二醇与聚集杆菌、动物双歧杆菌动物亚种和吉氏不动杆菌均呈正相关（均P＜0.05），这3种细菌在绝经前后健康女性中数量较高，而卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素水平与上述3个物种均呈负相关（均P＜0.05）。功能预测显示，与心血管疾病和碳水化合物代谢相关的KEGG L3代谢途径在P组患者肠道菌群中富集（均P＜0.05）。

绝经综合征患者存在肠道菌群结构紊乱，表现为与性激素水平相关的聚集杆菌、动物双歧杆菌动物亚种和吉氏不动杆菌丰度降低，同时在绝经综合征患者中存在独特的代谢途径。

The characteristics of gut microbes in patients with menopausal syndrome

ObjectiveTo observe the characteristics of gut microbes in menopausal syndrome (MS) patients, providing a reference for the treatment. Methods A total of 77 patients with MS were selected as the case group (P group), with 24 healthy women before and after menopause as the healthy control group (H group). 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to measure the structure of gut microbes in the feces of the subjects. Spearman correlation coefficient between clinical parameters and gut microbes was calculated and PICRUSt2 was used to predict the function. ResultsThere were no significant differences in alpha and beta diversity of gut microbes between the two groups (all P＞0.05). There were 14 species with significant differences between the two groups (LDA score＞2.0) according to LEfSe analysis. Spearman′s correlation analysis showed that estradiol had a positive correlation with Aggregatibacter segnis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis, Acinetobacter guillouiae (all P＜0.05), these three species were enriched in healthy women at menopause, while follicule-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone had a negative correlation with them (all P＜0.05). According to functional prediction by PICRUSt2, KEGG L3 metabolic pathways relevant to cardiovascular disease and carbohydrate metabolism were enriched in the MS patients (all P＜0.05). ConclusionThere was gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with MS, which is reflected in the decrease of the abundance of Aggregatibacter segnis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis and Acinetobacter guillouiae related to the level of sex hormones. In MS individuals, species with altered abundances and unique functional pathways were found.