Neurological illnesses associated with Florida red tide (Karenia brevis) blooms |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA;2. Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA;3. Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA;4. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA;5. Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA;6. Aquatic Toxins Program, Bureau of Epidemiology, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL, USA;7. European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall, UK;1. Mote Marine Laboratory, Fisheries Ecology and Enhancement Program, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL, 34236, United States;2. Pitzer College, Keck Science Department, 925 N Mills Avenue, Claremont, CA, 91711, United States;3. Mote Marine Laboratory, Phytoplankton Ecology Program, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL, 34236, United States;4. Mote Marine Laboratory, Ecotoxicology Program, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL, 34236, United States;1. Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd. South, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA;2. LEMAR UMR 6539, Institute Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Rue Dumont d''Urville, Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France;3. Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 South College Rd., Wilmington, NC 28403, USA;1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8thStreet, Miami, FL 33199, United States;2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431 United States;1. Bureau of Epidemiology, Florida Department of Health, Tallahassee, FL, USA;2. University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, FL, USA;3. European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall, UK;4. University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA;5. Environmental Health Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA;6. Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Human respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses can result from exposures to brevetoxins originating from coastal Florida red tide blooms, comprising the marine alga Karenia brevis (K. brevis). Only limited research on the extent of human health risks and illness costs due to K. brevis blooms has been undertaken to date. Because brevetoxins are known neurotoxins that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, it is possible that exposure to brevetoxins may be associated with neurological illnesses. This study explored whether K. brevis blooms may be associated with increases in the numbers of emergency department visits for neurological illness. An exposure-response framework was applied to test the effects of K. brevis blooms on human health, using secondary data from diverse sources. After controlling for resident population, seasonal and annual effects, significant increases in emergency department visits were found specifically for headache (ICD-9 784.0) as a primary diagnosis during proximate coastal K. brevis blooms. In particular, an increased risk for older residents (≥55 years) was identified in the coastal communities of six southwest Florida counties during K. brevis bloom events. The incidence of headache associated with K. brevis blooms showed a small but increasing association with K. brevis cell densities. Rough estimates of the costs of this illness were developed for hypothetical bloom occurrences. |
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| Keywords: | brevetoxin headache exposure-response illness cost |
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